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5 Bharatanatyam Dance Postures You Must Know

admin — Sat, 21 Feb 2026 19:29:44 +0000

5 Bharatanatyam Dance Postures You Must Know

February 21, 2026

Bharatanatyam is not just a dance; it is a visual poetry written with the body. Originating from the temples of Tamil Nadu, this ancient Indian classical dance form is a rigorous discipline that demands balance, strength, and an unbreakable connection with the earth.

Bharatanatyam demands physical discipline, emotional depth and grace. It is famous for its movements and there are a lot of emotions and feelings in Bharatanatyam that you have to feel in every step. When you practice this dance, you have to be very careful with your body position. The dance looks effortless, but there’s a kind of power and smoothness in every move that’s hard to miss. Watching a skilled dancer, you get the sense that each gesture means something, and that feeling pulls you in.

3 Elements in Bharatanatyam Performance

A Bharatanatyam performance has three elements that make it work – Nritta, Nritya, and Natya. Nritta (rhythmic elements) is about moving to the rhythm and Nritya (combination of rhythm and expressions) is when you add feelings to the rhythm in Bharatanatyam. Then there is Natya (dramatic element) which’s the storytelling part of Bharatanatyam, it makes the story come alive with drama in Bharatanatyam. The postures you see in Bharatanatyam are a part of the Nritta, in Bharatanatyam, they help give Bharatanatyam its structure and make it strong.

This old style of dance is really connected to God and people often do it for Lord Shiva, who is an embodiment of dance, in the universe. The spiritual part of it is said nicely in the old saying that people who do Bharatanatyam dance say:

“Aangikam Bhuvanam Yasya
Vachikam Sarva Vaanmayam
Ahaaryam Chandra Taaradi
Tam Vande Sattwikam Shivam”

It means, “We bow to Him the benign One, whose limbs are the world, whose music and poetry are the core of all language, and whose garment is the moon and stars.”

This shloka reminds dancers that Bharatanatyam is not just a physical practice, but a sacred union of movement, expression & devotion.

5 Important Bharatanatyam Postures

You must focus on these five core postures to master the technical precision of Bharatanatyam.

Samapadam (Equal Feet)
Araimandi (Half Sitting/Ardhamandalam)
Muzhumandi (Full Sitting/Purna Mandala)
Prenkhana
Eka Pada / Bramha

Let’s learn them in detail.

1. Samapadam (Equal Feet)

Samapadam is the basic and simplest posture in Bharatanatyam. Once you get into the Samapadam position, your body has to stay still and balanced. Samapadam looks easy when you see it but it is really important as start and rest position for many sequences in Bharatanatyam.

In Samapadam, you put your feet together with no space between them. As the name suggests “Sama” means equal and “padam” means feet. Your body weight is spread out evenly so you do not lean to one side. This helps you stay balanced. You should keep your back straight and your body should look normal, it should not be too stiff or too relaxed.

To make this posture, the hands are at the waist in Ardha Chandra Hasta. This is also called the half-moon style. The thumbs are up and the fingers are curved a little. This makes the hands look neat and controlled. This hand position remains consistent in several other Bharatanatyam postures as well.

The chin is a bit bent down, about an inch so the neck can stay relaxed. The eyes look ahead, which helps the upper body and the lower body of the person stay in a good position. Proper alignment of the upper body and the lower body is very important to avoid feeling tense.

Samapadam teaches stillness, posture awareness, and body symmetry. A dancer who masters Samapadam develops better control over transitions and maintains grace even during pauses in a performance.

2. Araimandi (Half Sitting / Ardhamandalam)

Araimandi is the iconic posture of Bharatanatyam that creates a signature diamond shape with the legs. It is the base for almost every movement in the dance.

The dancer moves the feet apart and toes are pointing outward. They need to keep the heels about three fingers apart. This is important because the dancer needs to put their body weight on both feet. If they do this, they will be able to maintain their balance. They must make sure the body weight falls equally on both feet.

When you are practicing, your knees need to be bent outward so you are in a seated position. It is really important that your knees and toes are aligned all the time. You have to keep your spine straight and make sure you do not hunch or lean forward with posture and remember your knees and toes must remain aligned.

The hand position is the same as it’s in Samapadam posture. It rests at the waist in Ardha Chandra Hasta mudra. This helps keep overall position balanced and makes sure you stay disciplined and maintain symmetry when you do Ardha Chandra Hasta and Samapadam.

Araimandi is a posture that needs strong legs, core stability and a lot of flexibility. When you are just starting to learn, it can be really hard to get into this position. But if you keep practicing, you will get better at it and it will not be so tough.

If your knees and toes are not lined up right, it can hurt your knees, hips and lower back. That is why it is so important to make your basics stronger and be more flexible so you can do Araimandi safely.

A strong Araimandi posture gives Bharatanatyam its sharpness, stability, and powerful visual appeal.

3. Muzhumandi (Full Sitting / Purna Mandala)

Muzhumandi is basically an extension of Araimandi posture. “Muzhu” means full and “Mandi” means sitting. This posture represents the full sitting position and it is really demanding. It requires a lot of strength and balance and control. You need to be advanced to do Muzhumandi as it demands more from you than poses.

When you do Araimandi, you need to bend your knees more, which makes your body go down into a full squat. Your knees should always be facing outward like they are supposed to be symmetrical and they should never point forward. Now Araimandi is different from Muzhumandi because in Muzhumandi, you lift your heels up a bit and your body weight is on your heels.

When you are standing, your spine needs to be up and your torso should stay up too. Your hips should not go back. Balance is really important when you are in this position.

The hands stay at the waist in Ardha Mandala Hasta. This is the half-moon style that we use in Samapadam and Araimandi. You should keep the hands in this position to make sure everything stays together and looks good in all the postures. This way, Ardha chandra Hasta and other postures, like Samapadam and Araimandi look nice and balanced.

Muzhumandi builds exceptional leg strength and stamina. It is often used in strong rhythmic sequences and dramatic moments within a performance. When executed correctly, it adds depth and intensity to the dance. Because it places pressure on the knees and ankles, proper warm-up and gradual practice are essential.

4. Prenkhana

Prenkhana is a common Pada Bhedas or leg posture that people use in Bharatanatyam. Prenkhana is performed with hand movements, it is called a Mandala Bheda and is often introduced during the Natta Adavu. The Prenkhana posture brings movement and rhythm to the dance. It helps the dancer move away from staying in one place and being still. The Prenkhana posture is all about movement and rhythm in Bharatanatyam.

To do Prenkhana, the dancer taps their leg and stays balanced at the same time. They keep one leg on the ground so it does not move and the other leg is on its heel. The Prenkhana dance is all about balance and the performer has to be careful to keep their balance while tapping the right leg.

The posture is done with hand movements. The right hand is raised up at a 45-degree angle above the shoulder level in Tripataka Hasta. This is how it is usually done. The exact placement of the hand may be different depending on the choreography of Tripataka Hasta but the posture of Tripataka Hasta remains the same.

5. Eka Pada / Brahma

Eka Pada is a posture that really shows how good you are at balancing and being in control. The term “Eka Pada” means you are standing on “one foot.” Eka Pada can look different depending on how you do it.

When you perform Eka Pada in a static position it is called Sthana and when you do the same Eka Pada with a turn or spin, it is known as Bhramari.

In Eka Pada, the performer has to stand on one leg. They have to keep this leg straight and make sure it is stable. The other leg goes across the knee of the leg that is standing. The knee of the leg that is crossed over has to be bent and opened up so that it points to the side. You have to make sure your body is in the position and your core is working properly to stay balanced in Eka Pada posture.

The Brahma posture is something that people use to show symbolic characters. This posture is often used when someone is sitting down in a lotus inspired position. The Brahma posture shows that someone is stable, wise and very calm.

Eka Pada strengthens the legs, ankles, and core muscles. It also improves focus and body awareness. Maintaining drishti, or focused gaze, plays an important role in holding this posture steadily.

Qualities Needed for Perfect Bharatanatyam Postures Execution

When you read classical texts, like the Abhinaya Darpana, you find out that a Bharatanatyam dancer needs to have some special qualities to do the postures just right. The Abhinaya Darpana talks about these qualities in a verse that says:

“Javaha Sthiratwam Rekha cha
Bhramari Drishti Shramaha
Medha Shraddha Vacho Geetham
Paathra Praanaa Dasha Smruthaha”

Each quality has a lot of meaning to it and has deep significance.

Javaha is about being fast and moving quickly.
Sthiratwam is the ability to maintain balance and stability. Sthiratwam is really about being steady and it helps us to stay stable.
Rekha means that the body parts are symmetrical and the limbs are properly aligned.
The Bhramari skill is about making turns and staying balanced at the same time. You need to be good at Bhramari to make these turns without losing your balance.
Drishti is something that involves making focused movements with your eyes. The idea of Drishti is using your eyes to express yourself and stay focused.
Shramaha is about working really hard and sticking to what you do. It means you keep going even when things get tough. Shramaha is about perseverance and dedication.
Medha is about being smart and really wanting to learn new things to get better at something. Medha is what helps people figure out how to do things in a way.
Shraddha means devotion and commitment to the art form.

Common Mistakes to Avoid During Bharatanatyam

Hunching Forward: In Araimandi, beginners often lean forward to balance. This can lead to lower back pain.
Knee Misalignment: If your knees point forward instead of sideways in sitting postures, it puts dangerous pressure on the ligaments.
Losing Stillness: In Samapadam, any slight movement or shifting of weight ruins the symmetry.

Conclusion

Bharatanatyam dance postures are more than the way you stand or sit. They are a way of communicating that uses rhythm, emotion and devotion. Bharatanatyam postures like Samapadam which’s very still, Araimandi and Muzhumandi which show strength. Prenkhana posture is all about movement and Eka Pada is all about balance. Each Bharatanatyam posture is important for a dancer to learn. It helps them on their journey to become a good dancer.

Mastery of these Bharatanatyam dance postures takes time, patience, and sincere practice. When performed with correct technique and inner awareness, they transform Bharatanatyam into a powerful and timeless art form.

If you wish to deepen your understanding and perfect these essential postures, exploring structured online dance classes can help you learn under expert guidance. Join professional Bharatanatyam training through online dance classes and take a confident step forward in your classical dance journey.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s)

What are the fundamental positions in Bharatanatyam dance?
Sama, Parshwa, Tayasra, and Swatika are the main fundamental positions of Bharatanatyam. These are the foot positions. In Sama, feet naturally need to be placed together. Parshwa is when the feet and knees open sideways in a straight line. Tayasra forms a V shape with the toes turned outward and lastly, the Swastika position is when one foot is crossed over the other.
Which is the most challenging posture in Bharatanatyam?
Deep sitting positions like Aramandi and Muzhumandi are considered the most challenging. They really push your legs, and you need serious strength and balance to hold them steady, especially through your knees and ankles. It’s tough, but that’s what makes the dance look so powerful.
Why are Bharatanatyam dance postures so crucial?
Postures are the base of Bharatanatyam. They give the dance its strength, balance, & visual clarity. Without correct posture, you cannot perform movements properly and there are chances that your body will get injured.
What are the Bharatanatyam dance postures every beginner needs to master?
Samapadam is the first posture to learn for every new learner. In Samapadam, dancers learn to stand tall, balance their bodies, and get their bodies in line. Once you nail this, moving smoothly from one step to another just feels easier.
Why is Araimandi considered the core posture of Bharatanatyam?Araimandi is used in almost every movement and adavu. It builds leg strength, stability, and control, and gives Bharatanatyam its strong, grounded appearance.

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The post 5 Bharatanatyam Dance Postures You Must Know first appeared on Enatyam.

The Best 5 Bharatnatyam Songs for New Learners

admin — Thu, 06 Mar 2025 07:12:55 +0000

The Best 5 Bharatnatyam Songs for New Learners

March 6, 2025

277

Introduction

One of India’s oldest traditional dance styles, Bharatanatyam, is a mesmerising fusion of storytelling, expression, and rhythm. The journey into this dance form may be both thrilling and daunting for beginners. Selecting the appropriate music is essential for introducing the art form and understanding its fundamentals.

In this blog, we’ve compiled five Bharatanatyam songs for beginners that are perfect for dancers taking their first steps into this classical dance form.These songs are great for learning the fundamentals because of their simple rhythms, concise patterns, and easy steps.

5 Bharatanatyam Songs for Beginners

1. Tatta and Natta Adavu

Tatta Adavus are foundational steps in Bharatanatyam, one of the oldest classical dance forms of India. The term “Tatta” means “to tap” or “to strike,” and “Adavu” refers to basic steps. In these adavus, the dancer focuses on the rhythmic striking of the feet in coordination with hand gestures (hasta mudras) and specific rhythmic patterns (tala).

More complex leg and hand motions (mudras) are introduced by Natta Adavu. Beginners can easily grasp tala (rhythm) and laya (tempo) because of the lyrical yet rhythmic manner.

Why It’s Ideal for Beginners:

Learners begin with fundamental footwork and work their way up to more intricate components, including hand and leg movements. Tatta and Natta Adavus facilitate this gradual progression.

For beginners looking to improve their skills, there are several practical tips that can enhance their learning experience:

Concentrate on clean hand gestures, which add aesthetic value to the performance.
It is imperative that beginners practice making seamless transitions between steps. Mindful practice and repetition can help attain this.
Dancers can improve their timing skills by practicing using a metronome or talam.

2. Schlokamala by Sangeeth Nritya Bharati Academy

Original Song: Natya Sudha by Bombay Sisters

“Schlokamala,” an appealing tune that honours dedication and rhythm, is taken from the Bombay Sisters’ album Natya Sudha. The composition is a mashup of shlokas (devotional lyrics) arranged to rhythm.

The song captures the spirit of rhythm and grace that are essential to Bharatanatyam and expresses respect for Lord Ganesha, describing various of their talents and divine powers, and Goddess Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge, and Goddess Mahamayi, the divine power, and Goddess Laxmi, the goddess of wealth.

Composer & Style:

The song Natya Sudha is choreographed by Guru. Smt. Padma Hemanth, structured to highlight the key elements of Bharatanatyam, especially the rhythmic patterns and graceful movements, while remaining approachable for learners.

Why It is Perfect for Beginners:

Emphasis on Devotion and Rhythm: Beginners can more easily concentrate on both rhythmic correctness and expressive motions thanks to the slokas’ simplicity and clarity.

Clear Raga and Tala: The dancer’s comprehension of timing and synchronisation is aided by the musical structure’s consistent beat.

Advice for Beginners:

Concentrate on matching the beats of the song with your footwork. Ensure that each step aligns with the rhythm to create a strong foundation in timing.
To improve fluidity, practice switching between simple steps and hand motions as the song goes on.

3. Bho Shambho

The devotional song “Bho Shambho” is devoted to Lord Shiva, the highest deity in Hinduism, who is frequently connected to transformation and destruction. The song invokes Lord Shiva, requesting protection and blessings, by referring to him as “Shambho,” an affectionate word for Shiva.

The song combines devotional lyrics with classical Carnatic music, which is highly structured, making it a beautiful yet approachable piece for beginners in Bharatanatyam.

Why It is Perfect for Beginners:

Slow Tempo: “Bho Shambho” has a moderate tempo that lets beginners concentrate on accuracy in hand motions, footwork, and facial expressions without feeling hurried.

Expressive Dance (Natya): Because of the song’s calm and passionate tone, beginners can concentrate on expressive dance elements, which helps them relate to the spiritual concept via expression and movement.

Advice for Beginners:

Make sure your posture is stable and anchored.
To portray the idea of devotion and to demonstrate your respect and affection for Lord Shiva, use facial emotions, called abhinaya.

4. Dheem ta dare dani

The song “Dheem Ta Dare” is from the 1999 album Thakshak. It was sung by Surjo Bhattacharya and written by Mehboob. The song is in Hindi and is 3:34 minutes long. “Dheem Ta Dare” is a semi-classical Bollywood-Natyam dance routine.

The song blends modern and traditional elements, incorporating intricate tabla rhythms with a contemporary melody. It holds an energetic and celebratory essence, often used in performances to display pure nritta (rhythmic dance) in Bharatanatyam.

Why It is Beginner Friendly:

The song has a catchy beat and a lively tempo that is ideal for demonstrating strong footwork and precise rhythm. Because of its clear and steady pace, “Dheem Ta Dare Dani” is perfect for beginners as it develops timing and footwork coordination with music. While its repeating rhythm provides plenty of chance to learn adavus and transitions, the lively speed keeps dancers interested and inspired.

Advice for Beginners:

Beginners can concentrate on rhythm, placement, and coordination because there are not any difficult ragas to learn. Beginners who want to succeed should concentrate on developing their footwork, utilising their entire body to boost energy, staying in time with the music, expressing themselves passionately, and making sure that the transitions between moves are seamless for a seamless performance.

5. Mallari

As an invocation piece in a Bharatanatyam, Mallari is generally played on the Nadaswaram during the procession of the “utsava moorthy,” or temple god.

Choreographed by Sachhidanand Narayankar, Mallari portrays the temple deity procession and “aarthi” ritual. Mallari is usually performed as an invocation or an exciting prelude to a performance in Bharatanatyam.

Mallari is ideal for beginners due to its simple rhythms, often set in Adi Tala, which makes it easy to focus on mastering footwork and rhythm. The repetitive structure helps develop coordination, posture, and alignment, while its upbeat, energetic nature encourages expressive movement and enthusiasm.

The accessible raga and tala build confidence in connecting movements with music. Beginners should concentrate on precise footwork, maintaining strong posture and energy, practicing mudras, staying in sync with the rhythm, and ensuring smooth transitions between movements to maintain the flow of the performance.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s)

What makes a song suitable for beginners in Bharatanatyam?
A song suitable for beginners typically has a simple rhythmic structure, clear beats, and straightforward lyrics. These elements make it easier for learners to focus on mastering basic adavus (steps), expressions (abhinaya), and coordination.
Are there specific genres of songs used in Bharatanatyam?
Yes, Bharatanatyam uses classical Carnatic music. Common genres include Alarippu, Jatiswaram, Varnam, etc. Beginners often start with Alarippu and Jatiswaram, as they emphasize rhythm and foundational movements.
Can these songs be practiced without a live accompanist?Absolutely! Beginners can practice using recorded music or online tutorials. However, practicing with a live accompanist helps improve synchronisation and understanding of rhythm.
Do these beginner songs focus more on technique or expression?
Beginner songs primarily focus on technique, such as perfecting adavus and maintaining proper posture. As learners progress, more emphasis is placed on abhinaya (expressive storytelling).
How long does it take to master a beginner-level Bharatanatyam song?
Mastery time varies depending on the learner’s dedication, practice routine, and familiarity with basic steps. On average, it could take a few weeks to a couple of months to confidently perform a beginner song.
How can I improve my performance while practicing beginner songs?
1. Practice regularly with a focus on technique and timing.
2. Watch performances by seasoned dancers for inspiration.
3. Seek feedback from your teacher.
4. Gradually incorporate expressions as you gain confidence in the movements.

Learn Bharatanatyam from best & renowned teachers

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The post The Best 5 Bharatnatyam Songs for New Learners first appeared on Enatyam.

Famous Bharatanatyam Dancers

admin — Thu, 12 Dec 2024 09:03:33 +0000

Famous Bharatanatyam Dancers

December 12, 2024

806

1. Bharatanatyam

Bharatanatyam is one of the oldest classical dance styles in India, with Tamil Nadu as its origin. In South Indian temples, devadasis would perform what is traditionally called ‘Sadhir Attam’ as a storytelling and devotional ritual.

Bharatanatyam is made up of ‘Bha’ as in ‘Bhava’ (emotion), ‘Ra’ as in ‘Raga’ (melody), ‘Ta’ as in ‘Tala’ (rhythm), and Natyam (dance). The form is characterized by complex gestures and expressive methods and is based on the Natya Shastra by the sage Bharata Muni. Bharatanatyam captivates the audience with its fusion of expressive gestures, rhythmic footwork, and legendary storytelling.

2. Legendary Bharatanatyam Dancers (Pre-20th Century)

Devadasis and the Tanjore Quartet played a key role in transforming Bharatanatyam into the traditional style it is today. By combining pure dance (nritta) with expression (nritya), the Tanjore Quartet, brothers Chinnaiah, Ponnaiah, Sivanandam, and Vadivelu, standardized the dance framework with the margam (path) pattern at the beginning of the 19th century.

They had a significant musical impact, as evidenced by innovations such as the incorporation of Western violin into Carnatic music. By incorporating devotion (bhakti) in their craft, earlier Bharatanatyam dancers such as Devadasis, who were devoted to deities, have preserved and transmitted the dance’s stylistic and spiritual aspects throughout generations.

3. Famous Bharatantyam Dancers:

a. Rukmini Devi Arundale: The modern face of Bharatanatyam

In the 20th century, Rukmini Devi Arundale transformed Bharatanatyam from a disadvantaged art form to one of the most cherished traditional dances in India. She defied social conventions and brought about revolutionary changes to the previously prejudiced and dejected form of Bharatanatyam as being ‘the Dance of the Devadasis’, which was vilified during British colonial rule.

She developed the technique and aesthetics of the dance, focusing on elegance, dignity, and spiritual purity, at the Kalakshetra Foundation, an institute devoted to educating and conserving the arts, which she created in 1936. Rukmini Devi introduced novelties like the selective use of classical music compositions and intricate stage costumes modeled after temple sculptures. In addition to creating the elegant yet conservative Bharatanatyam costumes that are currently used by Bharatanatyam dancers, she also made traditional jewelry to go with these clothes.

b. Padma Subrahmanyam: Innovator and scholar

Padma Subrahmanyam is well known for her creative contributions to Bharatanatyam, which combine artistic expression with in-depth academic study. She received training early on and subsequently concentrated on re-creating aspects of ancient dance, especially the “karanas” (dance motions from temple sculptures and writings). Reconstructing the 108 karanas, dance moves described in the “Natya Shastra,” was the topic of Padma Subrahmanyam’s doctoral dissertation.

In addition to serving as a non-official member of the Indo-Subcommission for Education and Culture, she is the author of multiple books, research papers, and articles. She created the 108 black granite statues of Lord Nataraja and Goddess Parvathi for the Nataraja Temple in Satara at the behest of the Kanchi Paramacharya. Padma’s work as a Bharatanatyam dancer has influenced a new generation of dancers and academics both domestically and abroad. Padma Subrahmanyam was honored with the Padma Shri in 1981, the Padma Bhushan in 2003, and the Padma Vibhushan in 2024.

c. Uday Shankar: The Trendsetter

Uday Shankar is renowned for his inventive blending of Bharatanatyam with Western ballet, folk, and other classical dance styles, which create a distinctive modern dance style that introduced Indian dance to a worldwide audience. Despite lacking professional training in Bharatanatyam, he created a distinctive style that made ‘Modern Dance’ famous in India.

Born in Udaipur in the early 1900s, he rose to fame as a Bharatanatyam dancer and choreographer, winning audiences both domestically and internationally with his unique blend of genres. Renowned ballerina Anna Pavlova performed with him in some of his most famous productions, including “Hindu Wedding” and “Radha and Krishna.” By establishing the ‘Uday Shankar Indian Culture Centre’ in Almora, he further solidified his legacy and had a lasting impression as a trendsetting Bharatanatyam dancer.

4. Popular Bharatanatyam Dancers : The Contemporary Stars

a. Priyadarsini Govind

Since she was six years old, Priyadarsini Govind has had a strong devotion to Bharatanatyam. After being instructed by Smt. Usha at first, she studied advanced Bharatanatyam by Guru Swamimalai K. Rajaratnam of the Vazhvoor School and refined her abhinaya techniques under “Padma Bhushan” Smt. Kalanidhi Narayanan.She has won the Vasantha Lakshmi Narsimhachari Award, the Kalaimamani (1998) award from Tamil Nadu, and the Yuva Kala Bharathi (2000) award from Bharat Kalachar in Chennai.

Priyadarshini embodies a true star of modern times with her presence in the contemporary digital world. An active participant in multiple forms of modern expression, including social media and her own metaverse-based website, she invites audiences into her rich, immersive journey in dance, spanning over five decades. Through this virtual world, she shares her rigorous training, dedicated practice, hard-earned wisdom, and artistic lineage. Her new projects and ventures encourage not just observation but active participation, drawing the audience into a shared journey that transcends the “artiste and the audience.”

b. Mallika Sarabhai

Celebrated Indian classical dancer, choreographer, and activist Mallika Sarabhai is acclaimed not only for her expertise in Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam but also for her powerful use of the arts for social causes. Daughter of the legendary dancer Mrinalini Sarabhai, Mallika’s work extends far beyond traditional performances; she leverages her art to address pressing issues like social justice, gender equality, and environmental sustainability, using creativity as a tool for social change. Trained in the classical forms of Bharatanatyam and Kuchipudi, she has made a profound impact not only as a performer but as an agent of social change.

Mallika Sarabhai founded the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts in Ahmedabad, a home for artistic innovation and social activism. Through her choreography and theater, she challenges societal norms, advocating women’s rights, communal harmony, and sustainable development. An outspoken feminist, she proves how art can drive change, making her an iconic Bharatanatyam dancer and a figure of transformative creativity.

In conclusion, the contributions of well-known dancers such as Padma Subramaniam, Mallika Sarabhai, Priyadarshini Govind, Uday Shankar, and Rukmini Devi Arundale have greatly enhanced the legacy of Bharatanatyam. Each performer has contributed significantly to the advancement of this age-old dance style, maintaining its rich cultural legacy while connecting tradition and modernity. Collectively, these famous Bharatanatyam dancers inspire future generations by embodying its beauty and traditions while modifying and transforming it.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s)

Who was the first person to dance Bharatanatyam?
The origins of Bharatanatyam trace back over two thousand years, making it difficult to pinpoint the “first” dancer. Traditionally, however, Bharatanatyam was performed by devadasis, women who dedicated their lives to temple service and worship and who passed down the art through generations.
What is another name for Bharatanatyam?
Bharatanatyam was formerly known as “Sadir” before it was renamed to reflect its artistic elements, which include Bhava (emotion), Raga (melody), and Tala (rhythm).
How can I learn Bharatanatyam?
Learning Bharatanatyam can be pursued through various methods, including enrolling in local dance schools that specialize in classical Indian dance. Many renowned dancers also offer online classes and workshops, providing opportunities for students to learn from experienced practitioners.
What makes Bharatanatyam different from other dance forms?
Bharatanatyam is distinct due to its rich cultural heritage, intricate footwork, expressive hand gestures (mudras), and facial expressions (abhinaya). It combines storytelling with rhythm and music, often drawing from Indian mythology and spirituality.

Learn Bharatanatyam from best & renowned teachers

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The post Famous Bharatanatyam Dancers first appeared on Enatyam.

Timeless Beauty of Bharatanatyam Jewelry

admin — Fri, 11 Oct 2024 10:20:51 +0000

The Timeless Beauty of Bharatanatyam Jewelry

October 11, 2024

273

The Bharatanatyam jewelry worn by the dancers is known for its intricate designs, reflecting traditional motifs and craftsmanship. The Bharatanatyam ornaments are typically worn by female performers and play a significant role in enhancing the overall look of the dancer.

Typically, Bharatanatyam jewelry is made of maroon or dark green Kemp (red colored) stones, also known as temple jewelry. The Devadasis and maharanis who wore traditional Kemp jewelry in the past have inspired such renditions of the Bharatanatyam ornaments.

A Deep Dive into the Intricate Bharatnatyam jewelry

Historical Context

The origins of Bharatanatyam jewelry are deeply rooted in South India’s temple culture, where the dance form originated and was initially performed by devadasis. The jewelry worn by these dancers has symbolic and spiritual significance, often reflecting their role as servants of the deity

The ornaments for Bharatanatyam were inspired by traditional South Indian temple jewelry, which was crafted to replicate the kind of ornaments that the idols of the deities wore in the temple.

During the early period when Bharatanatyam was performed exclusively in temples, the jewelry was simple and carried deep cultural and religious significance. It was often made with gold and inlaid with semi-precious stones and pearls.

During the royal patronage, the jewelry became heavier and more ornate, often made entirely of gold and embedded with precious gemstones such as rubies, diamonds and emeralds. However, this grand trend saw a decline during the colonial period with the emergence of Christianity. Fewer people crafted and wore such heavy and expensive jewelry.

Modern-day Bharatanatyam jewelry is made up of lighter and more affordable materials which have room for customization and creativity. Gold-plated jewelry and costume jewelry made of more affordable materials is often used, which is lighter in weight and modern in style.

1) The Founder of the Costume and Bharatanatyam Ornaments

Rukmini Devi Arundale, a legendary Bharatanatyam dancer, conceptualized the various costumes that are worn by Bharatanatyam dancers today and designed Bharatanatyam jewelry that complimented these costumes and was traditional as well.

2) Different Varieties of Bharatanatyam Jewelry

Tallaisaamana

One of the most distinctive pieces of Bharatanatyam jewelry is the ‘Tallaisamana’, a three-part decorative piece with a circular bindi attached to the central part, which lands right over the dancer’s forehead. This ‘bindi’ or ‘Talaisamana’ is worn on the head and forehead, enhancing the beauty of facial expressions during the dance.

Chandra-Surya

On either side of their head, a dancer wears the ‘Chandra-Surya’, the moon and the sun. They are represented in the form of replicas of the celestial objects. These ornaments, crafted from sparkling stones, pearls, and other motifs, frame the central bindi.

The Hair Accessories : Rakodi and Gajra

Another key piece of Bharatanatyam jewelry, the headgear won by the dancer over the bun at the back of the head, is called ‘Rakodi’, tied at the back. Adorning the bun is a ‘Gajra’, a garland of white or orange flowers that is arranged around the bun, adding a touch of natural beauty.

A plethora of necklaces as elemental Bharatanatyam Ornaments:

– A dancer’s neck is adorned with multiple necklaces. A short necklace called the ‘Attikai’ sits close to the neck. A longer, integratedly designed, heavy necklace called ‘Muttumalai’ is positioned right about the waistband of the dancer. Studded with precious stones or made of pearls, Muttumalai flaunts as a central pendant. Another necklace made of small golden overlapping circular discs called ‘Kashumalai’, popularly known as ‘Kashimala’, is added.

Bharatanatyam Jewelry for the hands and ears

– Vivid-colored bangles ‘Valaila’, consistent with the colour theme of the saree, are worn by the dancers, combining them with other bangles made of pearls or gold.

– The earrings ‘Jimikka’ dangle from the ears of the dancer, consisting of a wider base made of pearls. To accompany the earrings, gorgeous ear chains called ‘Matil’ or ‘Mattil’ are used, embedded with traditional motifs and kemp red stones complementing the overall theme of Bharatanatyam ornaments and costumes.

The Nose Embellishments

The nose is decorated with two kinds of Bharatanatyam jewelry, one consisting of a small nose ring studied with stones called ‘Nattu’ and a unique ornament called ‘Bullakku’, worn between the nostrils.

The Odiyanam

Another key element in the Bharatanatyam jewelry is Odiyanam/Ottiyanam, a golden belt worn around the waist. This belt helps to secure the drape of the dancer’s costume, particularly the pallu of the saree or the upper garment, and ensure a strong posture.

The Sacred Red

– The Alta

To highlight the hand gestures (mudras) and the footwork of the dancer, the hands and feet are colored with ‘alta’ or ‘marutani’, a red dye or Henna. In Bharatanatyam, a specific design is followed when applying the ‘alta’ such that a circle is drawn in the centre of the palm of the hand and the finger tips are covered with the dye. The vibrant red colour emphasizes the precision of each step and mudra, making them more visually appealing.

– The Kumkuma

On the forehead, a sacred red dot known as the ‘Kumkuma’ or ‘Vasukutti’ is applied, shifting the focus of the audience towards the centre of the dancer’s eyes.

3) The Tradition of Ghungroos

Ghungroo, also known as ankle bells, are an essential aspect of Bharatanatyam. These bells accentuate the rhythmic footwork as the dancer synchronizes their movements with the beats of the tala.
The sound of the ghungroo amplifies the impact of the dancer’s footsteps, making the rhythm an integral part of the performance. The number of rows of bells varies according to the dancer’s skill level.
The ghungroos are worn by three levels of dancers: intermediates wear three rows, advanced dancers wear five rows, and novices wear two rows. The gradual increase in the rows of the bells signify the dancer’s progression in mastering the art.

4) Bharatanatyam Ornaments for Male Dancers

The male dancers wear minimal jewelry. The upper part of the body of a male dancer is bare, often adorned with minimal jewelry, such as a central long pendant and a short necklace ‘Attikai’. Often, dancers flaunt the ‘Vanki Bajuband’(Arm decoration) made of pearls and tied around both arms. The waist belt ‘Odiyanam’ and ghungroos, with a bright red tika on the forehead, complete the look of a male Bharatanatyam dancer.

Symbolism and Meaning

The Bharatanatyam jewelry worn by dancers isn’t just an ornamental edition but is deeply symbolic and carries profound meanings, reflecting themes and narratives of the performance.

The use of several traditional motifs, such as the lotus motif representing purity, beauty, and spiritual enlightenment, is used in necklaces adorned with lotus-shaped pendants that symbolize the dancer’s connection to the divine beauty and purity of the dance. Headpieces incorporating Lotus motifs are also seen as an excellent addition to the theme.

Other designs, such as a peacock as a symbol of beauty, grace, and elegance, were incorporated into the earrings, nose rings, or hair ornaments of the dancers.

Peacock patterns in the Oddiyanam (waistband) were used to symbolise grace and fluidity in the movements of the dancer. The motifs of Ganesha and other deities to symbolise wisdom and prosperity were often used in bracelets, bangles, and necklaces. The sun and moon, used to depict balance and harmony, are worn on the head of the dancer.

Tips for choosing Bharatanatyam Jewelry

While choosing Bharatanatyam jewelry for a performance, there are some key elements that we need to look at.

Choosing jewelry that compliments the colour and style of the costume helps enhance the visual appeal of the dance, such as choosing gold sets with temple motifs that match traditional attire or opting for simpler designs that work with modern or fusion outfits.
Opt for lightweight, comfortable jewelry, such as imitation sets or gold-plated jewelry for easier and lighter experience
jewelry with secure ties and clasps are to be preferred.

Maintaining your Jewelry

Regular cleaning and maintenance of the jewelry can ensure it’s shine and durability.

Cleaning of the jewelry using a soft cloth and water, while avoiding harsh soaps and chemicals works best.
Storage of the jewelry in soft cloth pouches or boxes separately, to prevent scratches and tarnishing.
Avoiding moisture and perfumes near the jewelry to ensure its shine.
Regular maintenance and repair of the jewelry for loose stones and clasps can extend its life.

Bharatanatyam jewelry accentuates the intricate movements, hand mudras, and other features, drawing attention to the dancer’s eyes, neck, hands, and feet, where much of the expression and movement are concentrated. These pieces of Bharatanatyam jewelry work together to not only enhance the visual beauty of the dance but to honour the traditional culture of Bharatanatyam.

You can elevate your Bharatanatyam performance with the timeless beauty of authentic Bharatanatyam jewelry by discovering the stories behind each piece and design and learning how jewelry may enhance the grace and expression of your dance. Dive into our expert guidance sessions and find the perfect jewelry that resonates with you!

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Bharatanatyam Dress: A Fabric of Tradition

admin — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 07:31:05 +0000

The Bharatanatyam Dress: A Fabric of Tradition

October 3, 2024

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Bharatanatyam is one of the oldest classical dance styles in India. It originated in Tamil Nadu from the ritualistic song and dance recitals performed in the temples of ancient India for centuries. Roots of Bharatanatyam can be found in the ancient Devadasi tradition, where a devadasi performed song and dance as part of her ritual offerings to God. Rhythmic movements, vivid expressions, and indicative gestures are principal characteristics of Bharatanatyam.

In history, dancers performed in temple settings with simple designs and minimal ornaments. As Bharatanatyam transitioned from temple rituals to stage performances, the costumes evolved to become more colourful, elaborate, and grand, with the introduction of stitched, embroidered costumes. Bright colours with silk fabrics paired with temple jewellery made of gold and featuring intricate designs were formulated. Decorative makeup and ghungroo’s were a part of this modern Bharatanatyam costume.

Varieties of a Bharatnatyam Dress and its Significance

1) The Designer of the dresses

Rukmini Devi Arundale, a legendary Bharatanatyam dancer, brought about revolutionary changes to the previously prejudiced and dejected form of Bharatanatyam as being ‘the Dance of the Devadasis’. She designed and created the conservative yet beautiful Bharatanatyam costumes that are worn by Bharatanatyam dancers today and designed jewelry that complimented these costumes and was traditional as well. The core costumes and jewelry used for classical dance follow a fixed pattern designed to facilitate freedom of movement. The dress is creative and graceful and highlights the features of the dancers while leaving the limbs free for action.

2) The Different Types of Bharatanatyam Costume

The Bharatanatyam costumes are among the most creative types of clothing; not only do they enhance the dance’s beauty but also symbolize Indian customs and culture. The different types of Bharatanatyam costumes are traditionally rich and filled with designs and motifs. Typically, these costumes are divided into traditional and modern costumes. Traditional Saree for Bharatanatyam The traditional Bharatanatyam dress follows the way of draping the saree as the Devdasis did in ancient times. A silk saree with embroidered edges is draped to the knees over a tight-fitting, contrasting blouse. The pallu of the saree is draped across the shoulder and tied tightly across the waist of the saree. The bottom part of the saree is neatly pleated and tucked into the waist.

b) The Pre-stiched Saree for Bharatanatyam A modern Bharatanatyam dress consists of a pre-stiched saree or a readymade Bharatanatyam costume for convenient dressing. A typical Bharatanatyam costume for women consists of a silk saree with embroidered edges, divided into distinct parts that are stitched independently. These different parts, when worn together, form the entire Bharatanatyam dress. In a modern Bharatanatyam dress, a pant-like structure called a ‘dhoti’ is premade, which can be worn like a ‘salwar’, which in turn reduces the amount of time taken to dress up. A corresponding blouse, which is tight fitting and in a contrasting color, is worn with this ready-made type of Bharatanatyam costume. The saree’s pallu covers the chest and is draped over the left shoulder, tied tightly across the waist. A wide flare fan, similar to the pleats of a traditional saree, is tied/sewn to the salwar such that it is placed at the center of the dancer’s body. The pleats of this fan flare out when the dancer is in the ‘Aramandi’. The fourth part of the readymade costume is draped around the posterior of the dancer and is secured to the waist of the dancer before covering it with the fan. A small fan is then attached to this part, which, when fastened at the back, is positioned exactly about the large fan.

3) The Jewelry

The jewelry used for Bharatanatyam is intricately designed in traditional patterns, adorned primarily by female dancers. A circular piece of jewelry won over a tightly secured bun at the back of the head is a headgear called the ‘Rakodi’. A ‘Gajra’ (wreath of white or orange flowers) is worn around the bun on the head.

-A tika or bindi worn on the head of the dancer has three parts, with the circular bindi attached to the central part, which hangs over the dancer’s forehead. This is called the ‘Talaisamana’.

The Chandra-Surya, copies of the sun and the moon are worn on either side of the head. They are made of sparkling stones and pearls, which cover the head of the dancer, worn one each on either side of the central bindi.

Several necklaces—a small one called the ‘Attikai’ and a long, intricately designed ‘Muttumalai’ made of stones and pearls—are worn as central pendants. Another addition to this is the occasional use of ‘Kashumalai’, made of small golden overlapping circular parts, also called ‘Kashimala’.

The nose is adorned with a small nose ring studded with stones, called ‘Nattu’ and a ‘Bullakku’, a nose ornament worn between the nostrils. Earrings (‘Jimikka’) and bangles (‘Valaila’) are used to adorn the dancer.

A golden belt known as ‘Odiyanam’ or ‘Ottiyanam’ worn around the waist helps secure the drape of the dancer’s ‘pallu’ and improve the dancer’s posture. ‘Alta’ or ‘Marutani’ is a red dye, or henna, applied to the hands and feet of the dancer to emphasize their mudras and steps. A sacred red dot, or ‘Kumkuma’, applied on the forehead is known as ‘Vasukutti’.

4) Ghungroo (ankle bells)

These are a necessary component in Bharatanatyam dance. The dancer responds to the “Tala” sounds with the appropriate rhythmic footwork. The rhythm of the feet is reinforced by the usage of Ghungroo, anklets worn by the dancers to increase the sound of their footwork and manifest the steps. The ghungroos are worn by three levels of dancers: intermediates wear three rows, advanced dancers wear five rows, and novices wear two rows.

5) The Male Bharatanatyam Costume

5) The Male Bharatanatyam Costume The Bharatanatyam costume for men is relatively simpler as compared to that of the female dancers; with the lower body covered in a pleated dhoti or ‘pitambara’, the dancers and their steps are enhanced by these flared-out fans. The upper body of a male dancer is bare, often adorned with minimal jewelry, such as a central long pendant or the sacred thread. Often, male dancers drape an ‘uparna’ or ‘uttariya’ over their shoulders.

While choosing a Fabric for Bharatanatyam Dance Dress

Comfort and flexibility are crucial while making fabric choices for Bharatnatyam costumes, as the dance form involves an array of moments that are physically demanding.

Breathability: Bharatanatyam includes complex adavus, intricate footwork, and expressive poses. Hence, the breathability of the fabric, particularly during long performances, must be ensured through the use of lighter fabrics, which prevent overheating and provide comfort.

Durability:Bharatanatyam involves vigorous footwork and frequent hand movements; hence, the fabrics need to be strong enough to endure such constant wear and tear. Lighter and modern fabrics that have breathable and lighter blends that can depict traditional looks without wearing the dancer down are to be selected.

Color Symbolism : In Bharatanatyam, the colours of the costume are not just chosen for aesthetic appeal but hold deep symbolic meanings, reflecting the theme of the performance and cultural significance. Bharatanatyam offers a wide range of emotions and themes, from devotion, love, valor to sorrow. The colours in the dancer’s costume can be carefully chosen to amplify such emotions and to manifold the narrative and overall impact on the audience, such as the use of the color red to indicate tradition, passion, energy, strength, and love.

Contemporary Trends: Traditional Bharatanatyam costumes remain rooted in the rich history and symbolism, yet there have been many adaptations to form the modern Bharatanatyam costume. Designers have found innovative ways to blend tradition with modern styles and comfort and have incorporated fresh elements into the attire. Simplification of the design with lighter fabrics; simpler designs have been introduced, which offer free movement and comfort. Such costumes have subtle embroidery and digital prints instead of heavy work, reducing the weight. The use of lighter fabrics with silk blends or chiffon, which are easier to manage and less restrictive, is incorporated. They maintain the flow and grace of the costume while providing room for modern ideas. Several fusion costumes that feature Western elements, such as jackets, have been integratedto make modern Bharatanatyam costumes.

Care and Maintenance:Caring for Bharatanatyam costumes is essential to ensure their longevity and maintain their beauty over time, especially since they are made from delicate materials like silk and have intricate embroidery.

a) Dry cleaning of costumes made of silk or other fabrics with heavy embroidery is to be ensured to avoid damage.
b) Hand washing of simpler fabrics, such as cotton or light work fabrics, with special attention to use of mld detergent and cold water.
c) Proper storage of the costume in cold, dry areas with separate storage of all the different pieces to avoid tangling or damage to embellishments.
d) Using cotton or other breathable garment bags instead of plastic to store the costumes.

In conclusion, the different types of Bharatanatyam costumes are not just visually appealing but are also a vital part of the art of expression. Each style, from the flared fan to the ‘alta on the hands, the bindi on the forehead to the ghungroo on the feet, enhances the grace, expression, and cultural depth of a performance. A Bharatanatyam costume is art, a celebration of traditions and years of development.Step into the world of Bharatanatyam costumes, where each fabric tells a story of tradition, grace and craftsmanship. If you are a dancer or an enthusiast, we can help you with a world-class Bharatanatyam expert to explore the rich heritage of Bharatanatyam dance and its costumes!

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